sources:

www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/flemish/timeline.html

The Age of Exploration

The Age of Exploration began in the 1400's because explorers had a desire to find new trade routes from Europe to The Middle East, Asia and Africa. Since the demand for goods was raising so much in the 1400’s Europe had to send out explorers to find less expensive trade routes to Asia. The explorers were determined to find trade routes through the “Indies” so they would not have to deal with the Italians or Muslims.  Portugal and Spain were the only two European Nations that sent out ships to look for new trade routes. The three most important explorers of the age in my opinion were Prince Henry, Christopher Columbus, and Magellan. I think that Prince Henry was one of the most important explorers of the age because even though he did not go on any expeditions himself he directed many important expeditions. He also started a school of navigation where sailors and mapmakers could learn their trades. The Italian-born explorer Christopher Columbus was one of the most important explorers in my opinion because when he was denied his voyage by Portugal he went to Spain and got approval to look for new trade routes to Asia, but instead he found the new world. Another important explorer was the Portuguese explorer Magellan. Magellan won Spain’s voyage to find the straight. In August 1519 he set sail with five ships to look for the straight along South America’s east coast. When he made it to the Philippines after a long hard journey he made it home with only eighteen sailors when he started off with two hundred fifty. These expeditions affected Europe’s economy greatly. It affected the economy because they were constantly sending out new explorers to find new trade routes and to trade. Between food and labor the government of Europe had to spend a lot of money on each journey and with the demand for trade raising it was more urgent. The new discoveries affected the relationships between the different European Nations because when a new trade route of piece of land was discovered it would cause controversy over the trade route or land. If I were living in The Age of Exploration my life would have been affected differently depending on where I live. If I lived in certain area then I would be affected by the falling economy while if I lived in another area I would have the ability to take advantage of the lower prices on items from Asia and other places. I would have taken advantage of the lower prices on goods and if I was an explorer I would use the routes for fast trade. Also if I lived in a place where I was unhappy I could move to the New World after Columbus discovered it.   

Europe Transformed

There were many different reasons for the decline of the Roman Empire. There are many different theories as to why Rome fell, but know body knows for sure. One of the main reasons why people think that Rome fell was because the lacked in military strength. The barbarians wanted part of the Roman Empire and at the army was lacking in strength so the barbarians easily defeated the Romans and took over that part of the empire. Another reason for the fall of Rome was that the taxes became too high and the economy became unsteady. As the taxes rose people were unable to pay them and would be thrown in jail or forced to pay heavy fines that they would have to sell all of their stuff to pay off. People would then lose all of their stuff and die or get sick from having such little resources. Because of the high taxing merchants would charge prices that were unreasonable and unfair for the necessities due to the high taxes. The government tried to make a fixed price for each item, but these rules were not followed because the merchants were desperate for more money. This vicious cycle went on for a while until the economy crashed.  Another theory as to why the Roman Empire fell was that there was an epidemic. In that time period it was easy to spread sickness in such a highly populated area. Also around that time period the sickness would go untreated due to a lack of medicine. The people would also not get treated because with the high prices and taxes they would not be able to pay for the medicine. Another theory as to why Rome fell as that when one of the Roman rulers, Theodisius, died he split the empire between his two sons who were not equipped for ruling an empire on their own. People would take advantage of the inadequate leaders and battled them for power. This was one of the main reasons as to why Rome fell.

Merchant

In the ancient Middle East a mathematician named Al-Khwarizmi discovered algebra. Al-Khwarizmi was working in the House of Wisdom in 825 when he wrote a book called "The Book of Addition and Subtraction According to the Hindu Calculation." This book made the basic number system of 0-10. This number system is now used worldwide. Al-Khwarizmi then wrote another book called "The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing." This book taught algebra that we now use everyday to help discover many things. 

Doctor

The Middle East was one of the first places to make a major impact in medicine. The Muslim's were the first to devlope hospitals and more advanced forms of medicine. The pharmacists made medicine from plants, herbs, animals, and minerals. Doctors would use animals such as pigs to learn the body and what hapens when you do something to a part of the body. From this the Muslims devloped surgery. The medical milestones that the ancient Muslims made helped the advanced medical technology we have today.

The Life and teachings of Muhammad

Muhammad was born in Makkah, but then sent to be raised in the desert until he was five years old he was sent back to be raised by his grandfather. For fifteen years Muhammad worked as a merchant, until, he went into a mountain to pray and he received the call to be a prophet. From then on he taught things like; people must worship one God, that all believers in God were equal, and rich should share their wealth. For the rest of Muhammad's life the angel Gabriel called upon Muhammad because he was the messanger of God.

the significance of the Qur'an as the primary source of Islamic belief

The significance of the Qur'an as the primary source of Islamic belief was that it contains what Allah told to Muhammad. It is also the sacred text that Islamic people live their lives by and worship.

Arabia before Muhammad

Before Muhammad was born, Arabian society was divided into many social classes. There were the wealthy families that came to Mecca to rule the city, they did not share their wealth with the poorer families or clans. The Arabians also cherished women. They would go to battle with other tribes, just to protect the women in their tribe.
Before Muhammad Mecca was not a religous center. Strong Religon was brought to Mecca when Muhammad became the prophet. Before religon Mecca was run by trade. They mainly traded between South Arabia, South Asia and East Africa.

Desert

This is a picture of an Arabian Desert. It has vast sand that spreads for miles. Since there are little to no trees many sandstorms occur. Deserts also have very little water so the desert and the area around the desert get very little water per year.


This picture shows a desert. i chose this picture because its shows that the Arabian deserts are barren, but do have life from the little rain that they get. This picture also shows a plateau which are common in the Arabian deserts.

This is a picture of a cactus in the Arabian desert. This was an adaptation of the Arabians because with little water the Arabians had to find another source of water. Since cactus's store a lot of water in them, the Arabians would break the cactus's to get to the water.

Arabian clothing was a big adaptation in the desert because since the desert is hot and there is little to no shade people would have to cover up a lot and wear light layers so they do not over heat but stay protected from the sun

Coastal Plains

This is a picture of the Arabian Coastal Plain. This was part of the einviornment because it was one of the main supplies of water on the Arabian Peninsula.
Dams were built to help with irragation.

Most coastal plains streach very far and end in jagged cliffs or straight drop offs.

 The long spans of coast were often used as trade routs between the different teritories alon g the coast

Oasis

 Oasis were so important to the enviornment because it provides water and shade in the desert.

 Oasis create vegitation in the desert.

 As a result of an oasis date trees would grow and produce many dates. Dates are a common food in Arabia.

 An adaptaion from oasis is that cactus's grow around them to collect the water.

Mountain

 Arabian people would build houses into the mountains. They would build them out of mud bricks so they would be more sturdy.

 The people that lived in the mountains built terraces to farm.

At the top of the mountains it was very cold and near the bottom it got hot.

Mountains can trap rain that then creates vegitation.

India's culture and tradition is shown through their medicine by using herbs and minerals to help relive illness.

Standing 213 feet tall, the Taj Mahal, named after the kings wife, took twenty-two years to build and was one of India's greatest engineering feats.

Monsoons play a very important role in India's lives by providing them with fertil land across the many flat plains and deserts.

Art was started in india in 2500 B.C.and continued on throughout time to be used to communicate messages.

Geography:
total landmass is 2,973,190 square kilometers.
Divided into three different geological regions: Indo-Gangetic Plain, the Himalayas and the peninsula region.
North India includes the Indo-Gangetic Plain and portions of the Himalayas.
South India includes the peninsula region.
On the basis of physiography is divided into ten regions: the Indo-Gangetic Plain, the northern mountains of the Himalayas, the Central Highlands, the Deccan, the East Coast, the West Coast, and the Great India Desert.
Central highlands are divided into north and south parts.
Main resources are iron ore, bauxite, copper, manganese, mica, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds petroleum, limestone, arable land.
Shaped like an irregular quadrilateral.
Mount Everest is part of the land masses mountains.
1/3 the size of the US.

Climate:
Western Himalayas: August-unpleasantly hot
Winter-cold and damp
December to March-extremely cold
Northern Plains: Typically warm
summer-hot and damp
July to September-damp with monsoons